rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him” (Col. 1:16). Notice that Paul contrasts “in heaven” with “on earth” and contrasts “visible” with “invisible.” The things on earth are visible; the things in heaven are invisible. Paul here gives us the key characteristic of this third meaning of heaven as the dwelling place of God. It is the invisible realm. It is not located above or below or in any other direction in the sense that you can travel to it. So when Paul says in